The gluten-free, casein-free (GFCF) diet has become one of the most popular dietary interventions for a host of conditions, most notably autism and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The diet is often implemented by patients or parents of autistic children after discovering its benefits by accident or after hearing positive reports from other patients.

Alternative Healthcare Practitioners often recommend the gluten-free, casein-free diet to patients, as do a relatively small number of medical doctors who specialize in the treatment of particular conditions. It is uncommon however for conventional doctors to recommend the GFCF diet as a treatment for any condition other than instances where allergies to both gluten and casein are present.

There is a growing body of scientific evidence suggesting that removing gluten and casein from the diet may be beneficial in autism, irritable bowl syndrome and other chronic illnesses. The research is considered by most to be inconclusive at this time and more extensive research has been called for.